Tuesday, April 4, 2023

From a new bible called The Galactic Testament - ZIUSUDRA IS THE MAN'S SUMERIAN NAME. HE IS UTNAPISHTIM IN THE BABYLONIAN VERSION. ATRAHASIS IS HIS AKKADIAN NAME AND NOAH IS HIS NAME IN HEBREW.

From a new bible called The Galactic Testament - 
Ziusudra is the man’s Sumerian name. He is Utnapishtim in the Babylonian version. Atrahasis is his Akkadian name and Noah is his name in Hebrew.

The story of Ziusudra, Utnapishtim, and Atrahasis is a well-known narrative in ancient Near Eastern literature that tells the tale of how these legendary figures managed to survive a catastrophic flood that destroyed much of the known world. Interestingly, this story bears a striking resemblance to the Biblical story of Noah's Ark, which also features a flood and an ark that is constructed to save humanity and the animal kingdom. While there are many similarities between the two stories, there are also some notable differences that reflect the cultural and historical contexts in which they were produced.

One of the most obvious similarities between the two stories is the fact that they both feature a devastating flood that destroys everything in its path. In both tales, the flood is seen as a punishment from the gods for humanity's sins and wickedness. This shared cultural belief in divine punishment underscores the deep spiritual and religious values of the time. Moreover, the idea of a catastrophic flood as a form of divine punishment was not unique to the ancient Near Eastern peoples. This concept also appears in several other cultures around the world, including the Greek myth of Deucalion and Pyrrha and the Hindu myth of Manu.

In terms of the similarities between the three Near Eastern flood stories and the story of Noah's Ark from the Bible, one of the most striking commonalities is the central role that the flood plays in all of the narratives. In each tale, the flood is a devastating event that wipes out most of humanity and nearly all living creatures on earth. This shared element suggests that the idea of an all-encompassing flood may have had a significant cultural resonance among ancient peoples.

Another shared element is the fact that each protagonist is instructed by a divine being to build a large boat in order to survive the coming flood. Ziusudra and Utnapishtim receive instructions from the god Ea, while Atrahasis is warned by the god Enki. Noah, on the other hand, is instructedby God. Both Ziusudra/Utnapishtim/Atrahasis and Noah are tasked with building a large boat to save themselves, their families, and the animals. In both stories, the flood lasts for a significant amount of time (seven days in the Bible, and six days and seven nights in the other tales), and the boats come to rest on mountains or highlands once the waters recede. 

Despite these similarities, there are also several differences in the way these stories are told. For example, in the Mesopotamian tales, the gods are often portrayed as capricious and unpredictable, while in the Bible, God is portrayed as just and merciful. Additionally, the Mesopotamian stories often emphasize the idea of human mortality and the limitations of human life, while the Biblical story focuses more on the idea of faith and obedience to God.

The differences in these stories point to the unique cultural and historical contexts in which they were produced. The Mesopotamian region, where these tales emerged, was prone to seasonal floods that could cause extensive damage to crops and infrastructure. As such, it is likely that these stories were created as a way of making sense of the unpredictable and destructive force of nature. Moreover, given the importance of agriculture to the people of ancient Mesopotamia, it is possible that the fear of a flood-wrought devastation was deeply ingrained in their cultural psyche. 

The stories of Ziusudra, Utnapishtim, and Atrahasis all feature characters who are chosen by the gods to survive the flood. In the Epic of Gilgamesh, Ziusudra is chosen by the god Enki, who instructs him to build a boat large enough to house his family and all living creatures. Likewise, in the Epic of Atrahasis, the god Ea chooses the titular character to build a massive vessel and thereby save humanity from destruction. In the Epic of Gilgamesh and the Old Testament Book of Genesis, these tales are told from differing cultural perspectives, but they share surprising parallels.

Firstly, both stories feature a devastating flood that causes widespread destruction. In the Epic of Gilgamesh, the gods decide to destroy humankind with a flood because they become too numerous and noisy. Similarly, in the Book of Genesis, God decides to send a flood to wipe out all people because they have become wicked and corrupt. These are both acts of divine justice, meant to cleanse the earth of impurity and ensure the survival of only the righteous.

Secondly, in both stories, the protagonist is instructed to build a large boat to survive the disaster. In the Epic of Gilgamesh, Ziusudra is told by the god Enki to build a boat that is 120 cubits in length, width, and height. Similarly, in the Book of Genesis, God instructs Noah to build an ark that is 300 cubits long, 50 cubits wide, and 30 cubits high to survive the great flood. Similarly, in the Epic of Gilgamesh, the god Ea instructs Utnapishtim to build a large boat to escape the coming flood. In both stories, the instructions for the construction of the boats are given in detail, and the heroes follow them closely to survive the disaster. Similarly, in the Atrahasis myth, the god Enki helps Atrahasis build a boat to survive the impending flood.

Furthermore, in all three stories, the flooding is seen as a punishment for the sins of humankind. In the Bible, the flood is sent by God to destroy a wicked and corrupt humanity, while in the other two stories the gods decide to flood the earth to reduce the human population which had grown too numerous, noisy, and disrespectful to the gods.

Despite these similarities, there are also notable differences between the stories. In the Biblical narrative, Noah is portrayed as a righteous man who was chosen by God to survive the flood along with his family and animals. Similarly, in the story of Ziusudra/Utnapishtim/Atrahasis, the protagonists were also deemed worthy by the gods and instructed to build a boat to survive the impending deluge. This similarity in the decision of the divine beings to save these individuals highlights the idea of a higher power choosing who should be saved in times of crisis.

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